Around 1556, friends suggested that her newfound knowledge was diabolical, not divine. The ultimate preoccupation of Teresa's mystical thought, as consistently reflected in her writings, is the ascent of the soul to God in four stages (see: The Autobiography Chs. Following a number of resolutions adopted at the general chapter at Piacenza, the governing body of the order forbade all further founding of reformed convents. This prompted her to embrace a deeper devotion to the Virgin Mary as her spiritual mother. While Teresa considered each of these virtues essential, for Teresa the virtue The Cortes exalted her to patroness of Spain in 1627. Teresa states: "Contemplative prayer (oración mental), in my opinion is nothing other than a close sharing between friends. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Within two years her health collapsed, and she was an invalid for three years, during which time she developed a love for mental prayer. In the tenor of the ancient practice of Lectio Divina , James Finley begins with a passage from Teresa’s The Interior Castle , and reflects on the qualitative essence of the spirit of this text and finishes with a meditative practice. Portrayals of Teresa include the following: This article was originally based on the text in the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge. Teresa established four more convents in the mid 1570s. Her zeal for mortification caused her to become ill again and she spent almost a year in bed, causing huge worry to her community and family. Nine months after her death the coffin was opened and her body was found to be intact but the clothing had rotted. Trust In God, Where You … Teresa of Avila was born Teresa Ali Fatim Corella Sanchez de Capeda y Ahumada in Avila, Spain. Teresa was also enamored of popular fiction, which at the time consisted primarily of medieval tales of knighthood and works about fashion, gardens and flowers. As the Catholic distinction between mortal and venial sin became clear to her, she came to understand the awful terror of sin and the inherent nature of original sin. She is known as the patroness of the religious and the sick. About Teresa of Ávila The religious reformer known as Saint Teresa of Ávila was born Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada on March 28, 1515 in Ávila, Spain. [43][page needed]. Despite her frailty, she made numerous exhausting journeys to establish and reform convents across Spain. Interior Castle book. St. Teresa of Avila Church Phone: 412-367-9001 Fax: 412-366-8415 1000 Avila Court, Pittsburgh, PA 15237 Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. She continued for 15 years in a state divided between a worldly and a divine spirit, until, in 1555, she underwent a religious awakening. ( Pray especially beginning on October 7 and ending on October 15 , the Feast of St. It was the 16th century, a time of turmoil and reform. The Interior Castle - Teresa Of Avila - 洋書の購入は楽天ブックスで。全品送料無料！購入毎に「楽天ポイント」が貯まってお得！みんなのレビュー・感想も満載。 Teresa of Avila born 1582 Teresa of Avila dies 1598 Edict of Nantes (revoked 1685) Still, according to her own account, she waffled spiritually. Tomás Alvarez, OCD. In 1626, at the request of Philip IV of Spain, the Castilian parliament[f] elected Teresa "without lacking one vote" as copatron saint of Castile. God alone never changes. Zoom meetings [12], Teresa's mother brought her up as a dedicated Christian. Author of numerous spiritual classics, she was elevated to doctor of the church by Pope Paul VI in 1970. [citation needed]. St. Teresa of Avila shows us it is never too late to get serious about our prayer life. She proved at an early age that she was an intelligent and thoughtful person. At the time she was considered a candidate for national patron saint of Spain, but this designation was awarded to St. James the Apostle. She also dipped into other mystical ascetic works such as the Tractatus de oratione et meditatione of Peter of Alcantara. El Padre Roberto was assigned to San Fidel which served as the parish church for this whole area including Grants, San Rafael and San Mateo. Way of Perfection - Teresa of Avila - 洋書の購入は楽天ブックスで。全品送料無料！購入毎に「楽天ポイント」が貯まってお得！みんなのレビュー・感想も満載。 It has been thought that Teresa carried a portable statue of the Child Jesus wherever she went; the idea circulated by the early 1700s. Corrections? According to the liturgical calendar then in use, she died on the 15th in any case. In the same year, while at Medina del Campo, Spain, she met a young Carmelite priest, Juan de Yepes (later St. John of the Cross, the poet and mystic), who she realized could initiate the Carmelite Reform for men. She wrote: "I know from frequent experience that there is nothing which puts devils to flight better than holy water."[33]. [23] She obeyed and chose St. Joseph's at Toledo. E. Rhodes, "Teresa de Jesus's Book and the Reform of the Religious Man in Sixteenth Century Spain," in Laurence Lux-Sterritt and Carmen Mangion (eds). [19], The memory of this episode served as an inspiration throughout the rest of her life, and motivated her lifelong imitation of the life and suffering of Jesus, epitomized in the adage often associated with her: "Lord, either let me suffer or let me die. Her mother died in 1529, and, despite her father’s opposition, Teresa entered, probably in 1535, the Carmelite Convent of the Incarnation at Ávila, Spain. In her Autobiography, she wrote that she 'was very fond of St. Augustine...for he was a sinner too.'[18]. A formal papal decree adopting the split from the old order was issued in 1580. [4] The movement she initiated was later joined by the younger Spanish Carmelite friar and mystic John of the Cross. St. Teresa was canonized, or declared a saint, in 1622. The reverse has a small spray of flowers. Overcoming all difficulties she achieved this and founded the discalced Carmelites. by Linda Frasier, O.C.D.S When St Teresa of Avila established her foundations of the Carmelite reform, there were three virtues which she insisted be faithfully lived as part of her communities: love of neighbor, detachment from created things and humility. Turning to the Mystics… Continue Reading Teresa of Avila: Session 5 Each of the dorms at Notre […] Her written contributions, which include her autobiography, The Life of Teresa of Jesus and her seminal work The Interior Castle, are today an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature. [23], In 1576, unreformed members of the Carmelite order began to persecute Teresa, her supporters and her reforms. However, Teresa proved to be a popular prioress. We are dedicated to witnessing our faith through worship, education, evangelization and nurturing our faith family through parish life and Christian service. After her recovery, however, she stopped praying. [13], When Teresa was eleven years old, her mother died, leaving her grief-stricken. She died in 1582, just as Catholic Europe was making the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which required the excision of the dates of 5–14 October from the calendar. I first encountered her when I was an undergraduate at the University of Notre Dame. There is no other proper and accurate way to understand this CATHOLIC saint and Doctor of the CATHOLIC Church by openly stating St. Teresa was born in Avila, Spain in 1515. She has since become one of the patron saints of Spain. For more details see our resources pages. Meanwhile, John of the Cross promoted the inner life of the movement through his power as a teacher and preacher. As of 2019, there are 36 "Doctors of the Church", of whom only four are women. Legacy regarding the Infant Jesus of Prague, At some hour of the night between 4 October and 15 October 1582, the night of the transition in Spain from the Julian to the. This process required many visitations and long journeys across nearly all the provinces of Spain. She had begun to inflict mortifications of the flesh upon herself. St. Teresa of Avila went through a time of conversion even after consecrating her life to God as a Carmelite sister. Her plan was the revival of the earlier, stricter monastic rules, supplemented by new regulations including the three disciplines of ceremonial flagellation prescribed for the Divine Office every week, and the discalceation of the religious. She also became conscious of her own natural impotence in confronting sin and the necessity of absolute subjection to God. In 1567, Teresa received a patent from the Carmelite General, Rubeo de Ravenna, to establish further houses of the new order. Despite frail health and great difficulties, Teresa spent the rest of her life establishing and nurturing 16 more convents throughout Spain. Like many others, she also placed her hope on temporary things, without focusing on the eternal God she followed, but one day, years after entering the convent, The general chapter instructed her to go into "voluntary" retirement at one of her institutions. 4.9 out of 5 stars 19 Paperback $15.94 $ 15. Meanwhile, her friends and associates were subjected to further attacks. She was the originator of the Carmelite Reform, which restored and emphasized the austerity and contemplative character of primitive Carmelite life. [citation needed], Around the same time, she received a copy of the full Spanish translation of St. Augustine's autobiographical work Confessions, which helped her resolve and to tend to her own bouts of scruples. Trust God that you are exactly where you are meant to be. The former is generally considered the masterpiece of Baroque religious sculpture and shows…. "[28] Throughout her writings, Teresa returns to the image of watering one's garden as a metaphor for mystical prayer. A Santero image of the Immaculate Conception of El Viejo, said to have been sent by her with a brother emigrating to Peru, was canonically crowned by Pope John Paul II on 28 December 1989 at the Shrine of El Viejo in Nicaragua. St. Teresa of Avila offers the best advice on prayer and awakens the desire to pray. Before the body was re-interred one of her hands was cut off, wrapped in a scarf and sent to Ávila. St. Teresa of Ávila was a Spanish Carmelite nun who lived in the 1500s. October 15 is the feast of St. Teresa of Ávila (1515-1582), probably the female saint and mystic with the greatest influence in the world. Teresa of Ávila, born Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus (28 March 1515 – 4 or 15 October 1582)[a], was a Spanish noblewoman who felt called to convent life in the Catholic Church. Fascinated by accounts of the lives of the saints, she ran away from home at age seven, with her brother Rodrigo, to seek martyrdom in the fight against the Moors. Omissions? Her writings on this theme stem from her personal experiences, thereby manifesting considerable insight and analytical gifts. Two years after she was born, Luther started the Protestant Reformation. Inspired by the stories of the saints, at the age of seven, Teresa recruited her younger brother Roderigo as a travel companion and set out for Africa where they intended to become martyrs for the faith. A selection of multimedia resources are available on our multimedia page and via the Teresa 500 You Tube channel. If ever there were a saint who dispels the notion that the universal call to holiness means becoming a sourpuss, it would be St. Teresa of Avila. St. Teresa was born Teresa de Cepeda y Ahumada on March 28, 1515, in Ávila, Spain. During this final stage, she said she frequently experienced a rich "blessing of tears". John Thomas, "Ecstasy, art & the body. The text helped her realize that holiness was indeed possible and found solace in how such a great saint was once a sinner. Teresa of Avila was one of the great saints of the Church. On St. Peter's Day in 1559, Teresa became firmly convinced that Jesus Christ presented Himself to her in bodily form, though invisible. With lively details, Teresa recounts her travels and the events and people connected with them in her classic book, The Foundations.The Divine Adventure, produced to celebrate St. Teresa’s 500th birthday in 2015, is a fascinating armchair pilgrimage to each of these foundations and more, in full color. Thankfully her … Saint Teresa of Avila 6 Our souls may lose their peace and even disturb other people's, if we are always criticizing trivial actions - which often are not real defects at all, but we construe them wrongly through our ignorance of their motives. Betwee… The spiritual life of the woman known as St. Teresa of Avila was marked by periods of intense mystic ecstasy, followed by the cooling of her Catholic spirituality. Read 354 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Her life began with the culmination of the Protestant With meticulous attention to detail and historical accuracy, outstanding production values, and an incredible performance by actress Concha Velasco as Teresa, this acclaimed major film production is the definitive film on the life of this great saint. Her life began with the culmination of the Protestant Reformation, and ended shortly after the Council of Trent. 4.9 out of 5 stars 19 2. It led eventually to the establishment of the Discalced Carmelites. St Teresa of Avila Church A Warm, Welcoming, Inclusive Faith Community Location: 1490 19 th St. San Francisco, CA 94107 Mailing Address: 390 Missouri Street, San Francisco CA 94107 Our Mission. Although religiously inclined from a young age, she developed a teenage interest in fashion and romance. In her mature years, she became the central figure of a movement of spiritual and monastic renewal borne out of an inner conviction and honed by ascetic practice. [32] She describes a number of striking similarities between Descartes' seminal work Meditations on First Philosophy and Teresa's Interior Castle. March 6-7, 2015 at St. Teresa’s of Avila – ~HS and MS youth invited~ *Registration is required for this event. Not only Loyola but also St. Teresa of Avila and her disciple, St. John of the Cross, were tough, activist Reformers who regarded their mystical experiences as means of fortifying themselves for their practical tasks. Prayers by and to St Teresa of Avila: Guided by You, Let Nothing Disturb You, Lord You Are Closer, To Redeem Lost Time, Thy Love For Me Is Strong, A Love Song, Growing Older, To St Teresa of Avila by St Alphonsus Liguori. St Teresa of Avila Parish is a welcoming Catholic Church that has been serving the Summit, NJ community for over 150 years. Bishop Gerald Frey established St. Teresa of Avila Catholic Church and parish on September 3, 1968. Teresa writes in her autobiography about a frightening vision she had of Hell and how it haunted her the rest of her life. Saint Teresa of … She did not want to assume this responsibility and the sisters did not want her as their superior. In 1670, her coffin was plated in silver. In total, seventeen convents, all but one founded by her, and as many men's monasteries, were owed to her reforms over twenty years. She was fatally stricken en route to Ávila from Burgos at the age of 67. As part of the original patent, Teresa was given permission to set up two houses for men who wished to adopt the reforms. With help from St. John of the Cross, she improved the spiritual condition of the community. [39][40][41][42] The age of the statue dates to approximately the same time as Teresa. Comparing the contemplative soul to a castle with seven successive interior courts, or chambers, analogous to the. Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada was born in 1515 in Ávila, Spain. Her last words were: "My Lord, it is time to move on. The body still remains there, except for the following parts: In 1622, forty years after her death, she was canonized by Pope Gregory XV. St. Teresa of Avila Catholic Church 4921 Columbia Rd. If you have God you will want for nothing. Welcome to St. Teresa of Avila! "[citation needed], Teresa, who became a celebrity in her town dispensing wisdom from behind the convent grille, was also known for her raptures, which sometimes involved levitation. Updates? Previously married to Catalina del Peso y Henao, with whom he had three children, in 1509, Sánchez de Cepeda married Teresa's mother, Beatriz de Ahumada y Cuevas, in Gotarrendura. Subsequently, historians, neurologists and psychiatrists like Peter Fenwick and Javier Alvarez-Rodriguez, among others, have taken an interest in her symptomatology. Father Gracián cut the little finger off the hand and – according to his own account – kept it with him until it was taken by the occupying Ottoman Turks, from whom he had to redeem it with a few rings and 20 reales. Although based in part on Teresa's description of her mystical transverberation in her autobiography, Bernini's depiction of the event is highly eroticized, especially when compared to the entire preceding artistic Teresian tradition. A storm of hostility came from municipal and religious personages, especially because the convent existed without endowment, but she staunchly insisted on poverty and subsistence only through public alms. Resources about Teresa of Avila, prayer cards, postcards, leaflets and CD's can also be ordered through the website. John Baptist Rossi, the Carmelite prior general from Rome, went to Ávila in 1567 and approved the reform, directing Teresa to found more convents and to establish monasteries. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Her recognized written masterpieces on the progress of the Christian soul toward God through prayer and contemplation are The Way of Perfection (1583), The Interior Castle (1588), Spiritual Relations, Exclamations of the Soul to God (1588), and Conceptions on the Love of God. The third child of Don Alonso Sanchez de Cepeda by his second wife, Doña Beatriz Davila y Ahumada, who died when the saint was in her fourteenth year, Teresa was brought up by her saintly father, a lover of serious books, and a tender and pious mother. She continues to be widely noted as an inspiration to philosophers, theologians, historians, neurologists, fiction writers and artists, as well as to countless ordinary people interested in Christian spirituality and mysticism. The chief gem that Teresa offers us from her spiritual treasury is her rich understanding of presence. Novena to St. Teresa of Avila by St. Alphonsus of Liguori. The mysticism in her works exerted a formative influence upon many theologians of the following centuries, such as Francis of Sales, Fénelon, and the Port-Royalists. It is time to meet one another."[25]. [23], During the last three years of her life, Teresa founded convents at Villanueva de la Jara in northern Andalusia (1580), Palencia (1580), Soria (1581), Burgos, and Granada (1582). [citation needed], The abject poverty of the new convent, established in 1562 and named St. Joseph's (San José), at first caused a scandal among the citizens and authorities of Ávila, and the small house with its chapel was in peril of suppression. She resolved to found a "reformed" Carmelite convent, correcting the laxity which she had found at the Incarnation convent and elsewhere besides. After her own conversion she longed to reform her order, the Carmelites. Teresa was born in 1515 of an aristocratic Castilian family in Avila, and was sent to Augustinian nuns to be educated. She was a very religious child St. Teresa’s feast day is October 15. She founded numerous convents throughout Spain and was the originator of the Carmelite Reform that restored a contemplative and austere life to the order. One of the key hallmarks of the spiritual heights of Saint Teresa of Avila is the importance of … Born in the early 1500’s in Spain, St. Teresa’s family had an interesting history. The first Mass was celebrated on September 29, 1968, in a house located at 3327 Crane Ferry Road, about two blocks from the present Church. 10–22): Teresa is regarded as one of the foremost writers on mental prayer, and her position among writers on mystical theology as unique. Let nothing make you afraid. Less than twenty years before Teresa was born in 1515, Columbus opened up the Western Hemisphere to European colonization. [23] This allowed the reform to resume. It was dedicated to St. Teresa of Avila in a memorable ceremony by Archbishop Albert Daeger of Santa Fe. They include: Christia Mercer, Columbia University philosophy professor, claims that the seventeenth-century Frenchman René Descartes lifted some of his most influential ideas from Teresa of Ávila, who, fifty years before Descartes, wrote popular books about the role of philosophical reflection in intellectual growth. We are a Eucharistic community rooted in Roman Catholic Traditions, and gifted by God with time, talent and treasure. In 1575, while she was at the Sevilla (Seville) convent, a jurisdictional dispute erupted between the friars of the restored Primitive Rule, known as the Discalced (or “Unshod”) Carmelites, and the observants of the Mitigated Rule, the Calced (or “Shod”) Carmelites. St. Teresa of Ávila was the first of only four women to have been named doctor of the church. Teresa, broken in health, was then directed to resume the reform. Her definitions have been used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This pattern continued fairly regularly into her adult life, until the weight Teresa is revered as the Doctor of Prayer. She is a principal character of the opera, Saint Teresa is the subject of the song "Theresa's Sound-World" by, Saint Teresa was the inspiration for one of, Teresa was the subject of a portrait by the Flemish master, Sir. St. Teresa’s mother raised her as a pious young girl and the young Teresa loved reading the lives of the saints, particularly the martyrs. Examination of this record has led to the speculative conclusion that she may have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy. St. Teresa of Avila's 'Transverberation', and its depiction in the sculpture of Gianlorenzo Bernini" in John Thomas, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 20:54. The … October 15 is the feast of St. Teresa of Ávila (1515-1582), probably the female saint and mystic with the greatest influence in the world. Between 1567 and 1571, reformed convents were established at Medina del Campo, Malagón, Valladolid, Toledo, Pastrana, Salamanca, and Alba de Tormes. When Teresa's father was a child, Juan was condemned by the Spanish Inquisition for allegedly returning to the Jewish faith, but he was later able to assume a Catholic identity. Her ascetic doctrine and Carmelite reforms shaped Roman Catholic contemplative life, and her writings on the Christian soul’s journey to God are considered masterpieces. 1598. A powerful epic mini-series shot on location in Spain that tells the story of one of the most amazing women in history, St. Teresa of Avila. A Carmelite nun, prominent Spanish mystic, religious reformer, author, theologian of the contemplative life and of mental prayer, she earned the rare distinction of being declared a Doctor of the Church, but not until over four centuries after her death. [14][15] Teresa was sent to the Augustinian nuns' school at Ávila. 1582. It means frequently taking time to be alone with Him whom we know loves us. [7] Another Catholic tradition holds that Saint Teresa is personally associated with devotion to the Infant Jesus of Prague, a statue she may have owned. Saint Teresa of Avila God Great Moment The custom of speaking to God Almighty as freely as with a slave - caring nothing whether the words are suitable or not, but simply saying the first thing that comes to mind from being learnt by rote by frequent repetition - cannot be called prayer: God grant that no Christian may address Him in this manner. In 1536, aged 20,[17] much to the disappointment of her pious and austere father, she decided to enter the local easy-going Carmelite Convent of the Incarnation, significantly built on top of land that had been used previously as a burial ground for Jews. Such intrusions in the solitude essential to develop and sustain contemplative prayer so grieved Teresa that she longed to intervene. It was the 16th century, a time of turmoil and reform. She was the third child in a family descended from Jewish merchants who converted to Christianity. She was a mystic and author of spiritual writings and poems. She began to experience instances of religious ecstasy.[12]. Born at Avila, Old Castile, 28 March, 1515; died at Alba de Tormes, 4 Oct., 1582. As a young child, Teresa showed signs of a deeply religious nature; she would often retreat into silence for prayer and would enjoy giving alms to the poor. St. Teresa of Ávila suffered ill health for many years of her life. The body was exhumed again on 25 November 1585 to be moved to Ávila and found to be incorrupt. Forty years after her death, in 1622, Teresa was canonized by Pope Gregory XV. A year later Juan opened the first monastery of the Primitive Rule at Duruelo, Spain. Her grandfather was a convert from Judaism and would actually face the inquisition for allegedly returning to Judaism. She was so inspired by these stories that when she was 7 years old she and her brother left home to try to become martyrs, seeking out Muslims invading Spain. When only a child of seven, she ran away from home in the hope of being martyred … Then Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. O my Lord and my Spouse, the hour that I have longed for has come. Her reading of medieval mystics, consisted of directions for examinations of conscience and for spiritual self-concentration and inner contemplation known in mystical nomenclature as oratio recollectionis or oratio mentalis. St. Teresa of Avila was a "spicy" saint who was always looking out for me. St Teresa was born in 1515 to Spanish nobility. [22], The incentive to take the practical steps inspired by her inward motivation was supported by the Franciscan priest, Peter of Alcantara, who met her early in 1560 and became her spiritual adviser. Of her poems, 31 are extant; of her letters, 458 are extant. Even at a young age, Teresa had a knack for getting into trouble. [23], Several years later, her appeals by letter to King Philip II of Spain secured relief. She reported that, during her illness, she had risen from the lowest stage, "recollection", to the "devotions of silence" or even to the "devotions of ecstasy", which was one of perfect union with God (see § Mysticism). An arm was removed and left in Alba de Tormes at the nuns' request, to compensate for losing the main relic of Teresa, but the rest of the body was reburied in the Discalced Carmelite chapter house in Ávila. But her confessor, the Jesuit Francis Borgia, reassured her of the divine inspiration of her thoughts. [45][page needed] Saint James the Greater kept the title of patron saint for the Spanish people, and the most Blessed Virgin Mary under the title Immaculate Conception as the sole patroness for the entire Spanish Kingdom. The pain was so great, that it made me moan; and yet so surpassing was the sweetness of this excessive pain, that I could not wish to be rid of it...[c], This vision was the inspiration for one of Bernini's most famous works, the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa at Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome. She convinced two Carmelite friars, John of the Cross and Father Anthony of Jesus to help with this. He came to Grants once a month until 1933 when Mass began weekly in Grants. St. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) Teresa lived in an age of exploration as well as political, social and religious upheaval. St. Teresa (1515-1582) was born in Avila and died in Alba, Spain. More broadly, the 1620s, the entirety of Spain (Castile and beyond) debated who should be the country's patron saint; the choices were either the current patron, Saint James Matamoros, or a pairing of him and the newly canonised Saint Teresa of Ávila. They include: One papal legate described her as a "restless wanderer, disobedient, and stubborn femina who, under the title of devotion, invented bad doctrines, moving outside the cloister against the rules of the Council of Trent and her prelates; teaching as a master against Saint Paul's orders that women should not teach."[6]. | Grovetown, GA 30813 | (706) 863-4956 Columbia County, Georgia She took up religious reading on contemplative prayer, especially Osuna’s Third Spiritual Alphabet (1527). Although she had foreseen the trouble and endeavoured to prevent it, her attempts failed. Instead, they preferred to go to the garden and read. This article considers some of her best counsels on prayer. In the tenor of the ancient practice of Lectio Divina, James Finley begins with a passage from the sixth mansion of Teresa’s The Interior Castle, and reflects on the qualitative essence of the spirit of this text and finishes with a meditative practice. An edict from Pope Gregory XIII allowed the appointment of a special provincial for the newer branch of the Carmelite religious, and a royal decree created a "protective" board of four assessors for the reform. "Meditations on Song of Songs", 1567, written nominally for her daughters at the convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.